The truth about the European Union
by Cassivellaunus, 5 May 2013
The European Union (EU) is one of the most controversial supranational entities in modern history. While some have hailed it as an instrument for “peace,” “prosperity” and “progress,” a growing number of critics describe it as an “undemocratic,” “illegal” and even “criminal” organisation, and as “a monster that regulates everything” (Craig & Elliott).
The EU: its origins and history
To better understand the true nature and purpose of the European Union, it is well to look at its origins and history and, in particular, at who created it and why.
The idea of a United States of Europe originated in liberal (i.e., left-wing) capitalist circles, notably those around Richard Cobden (1804-1865). Cobden was a textile manufacturer who held substantial railway interests in America, as well as a leader of the so-called “Manchester School,” a Liberal movement advocating “free trade” and “international peace.”
Cobden was also a founder of the Anglo-American Peace Society which campaigned for a United States of Europe (Richard & Burritt, p. 11) that was to be merged with America. Thus, left-wing Anglo-American industrial interests can be identified as the original driving force behind the European project.
John Passmore Edwards, an adherent of the Manchester School and Cobden’s assistant in the Peace Society, became a newspaper magnate and a financial supporter of the Fabian Society – which was in close touch with Manchester School representatives like Cobden Club secretary Harold Cox.
The United States of Europe, unsurprisingly, soon became official policy of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), a front organisation of the Fabian Society, and was actively promoted by leading Fabians during and after World War I (see The FabianSociety: the masters of subversion unmasked).
Operating in parallel with the Fabian Society was the Milner Group, an association of left-wing bankers, financiers and political leaders revolving around Rhodes-Rothschild interests and represented by public figures like Lord Alfred Milner, an employee of the Rothschilds.
The Milner Group was in turn allied with associated interests on America’s East Coast, known as the Eastern Establishment and revolving around Wall Street interests like J P Morgan and the Rockefellers. This Milner-Eastern Establishment combine is what historians like Carroll Quigley have called the “Anglo-American Establishment” (Quigley, 1981).
The Anglo-American Establishment consisted of leading international financiers and their political collaborators in Britain, Europe and America, and aimed to re-organise the world’s financial and economic structure, as evident, for example, from their call for an international economic conference for that purpose (“Powers To Confer On World Finance,” NYT, 15 Jan. 1920).
More specifically, the designs of the Anglo-American Establishment – which it shared with its collaborators in the Fabian Society – entailed the division of the world into four or five economic blocs dominated by an Anglo-American alliance and controlled by international organisations run by economic “experts” churned out by the academic institutions (the London School of Economics, Harvard University, etc.) bankrolled by the same financial interests.
In particular, plans for a “Gold Reserve Bank of the United States of Europe” were presented by Frank Vanderlip of the Rockefeller-controlled National City Bank of New York (“Vanderlip Gives Details Of Plan For World Bank,” NYT, 13 Nov 1921). The Rockefellers were among the main financial supporters of the Fabian Society and its various internationalist projects.
The European Coal and Steel Community
The above plans were briefly interrupted by World War II, only to be resuscitated by the same interests after the war and imposed on Europe through the US Marshall Plan that set the economic and political unification of Europe as a precondition for financial aid to Britain and other European countries.
The US State Department – which was responsible for foreign policy – had been dominated by the Rockefellers’ Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) since the early 1940s when the State Department set up the Advisory Committee on PostwarForeign Policy whose vice-chairman was CFR member and leading new world order advocate Sumner Welles (Smoot, p. 8).
The Marshall Plan was devised, promoted and implemented by elements linked to Rockefeller interests operating within the US State Department in collaboration with Socialist regimes such as that of British Prime Minister Clement Attlee. Attlee’s Fabian Socialist Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin chaired the 13 July 1947 conference that established the Committee for European Economic Co-operation (CEEC), later called Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC).
Marshall Aid funds were funnelled through the CFR-controlled European Cooperation Administration (ECA) and the American Committee for a United Europe (ACUE) to various European organisations, the vast majority of which were founded and/or run by Fabian Socialists and fellow left-wingers like Jean Monnet, Paul-Henri Spaak, Joseph Retinger, Hugh Gaitskell, Denis Healey and others. (Aldrich, 1995; Dorril, 2001).
A leading element in the Anglo-American campaign for a United Europe was the European Movement (EM), an organisation founded by none other than former Prime Minister Winston Churchill himself (Dorril, p. 460). A key figure in the European project, Churchill had long advocated a United Europe, as had his crony Arthur Salter, a former member of the Fabian Society.
It is often forgotten that Churchill had been a dedicated Liberal and a close collaborator of the Fabian leadership in the early 1900s (Webb, pp. 411, 416-7). Moreover, he was very close to the Milner Group, being related to diamond tycoon and Milner Group financier Abe Bailey (whose son John Milner was married to Churchill’s daughter Diana). Churchill was also related, through his American mother, to Wall Street financier Leonard Walter Jerome, the “King of Wall Street,” who was a close associate of Vanderbilt-Morgan interests – the same interests that created the Council on Foreign Relations (Ratiu, pp. 132-4, 237).
It was pressure from the above financial interests and their political collaborators which ensured that the European project was launched with the 1950 SchumanDeclaration and took shape as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) through the 1951 Treaty of Paris.
Once the European plan had been made official, it was the same interests that pushed for its implementation. Here again, Churchill’s European Movement, in collaboration with the Bilderberg Group and the Action Committee for a United States of Europe (ACUSE) played a leading role (Aldrich, p. 216).
The European Union, a “German creation”?
Like many other nefarious activities of the Anglo-American Establishment, the European project was shrouded in secrecy, propaganda and disinformation, which is why the secret services were heavily involved in funding, promoting and implementing the scheme (Aldrich; Dorril; Evans-Pritchard).
A key element in this was the theory that the new United Europe was a “Franco-German” or “German” creation. This theory, incredibly, persists to this day – perpetuated by the likes of James Goldsmith, the late founder of the (now defunct) Referendum Party.
With the contempt for historical fact characteristic of his ilk, Goldsmith (a long-time Rothschild associate) brazenly claimed that:
“As we know, the construction of the European Union was designed by Germany assisted by the elite civil servants of France. It draws its bulk from Germany’s constitutional heritage … Hegel, the philosophical father of the German constitutional tradition, believed in the State and despised the people …” (Goldsmith, 1996).
The truth is that Hegel’s State was a Christian monarchy, a form of government rooted in centuries-old tradition and supported by biblical authority. How Goldsmith came to see a connection with the anti-Christian European Union is a mystery. But it shows what can happen when bankers dabble in philosophy.
At any rate, Goldsmith’s anti-Hegelian (and anti-German) rant is part of the mythological repertoire by which the Establishment in this country keeps the masses ignorant, confused, divided and easy to control.
The media, in particular, have played a leading role in this. Papers like the Daily Mail have a long history of spreading propaganda, disinformation and lies on behalf of the Establishment. For example, in November 2011 the Mail chose to parrot the “prophetic” words of Nicholas Ridley (Margaret Thatcher’s Trade Secretary) to the effect that the proposed European Economic and Monetary Union was “a German racket designed to take over the whole of Europe” (Moncrieff, 2011).
Typically, the Mail failed to produce any evidence to back up its claim. Apparently, Ridley’s (and the Mail’s) prophetic utterances must be accepted as fact. Unfortunately, the Mail had earlier told us that most Germans wanted their old currency, the Deutschmark, back (30 June 2010). If the euro was a “German racket to take over Europe,” why would the Germans want their currency back?
As there was neither rhyme nor reason to the story, we did our own research only to find that according to the Mail itself, Germany had been “strong-armed by France into swapping the Deutschmark for the euro”! (Hall, 2010). Indeed, as France’s Socialist President François Mitterrand himself admitted in the Council of Ministers, he had bluntly told German Chancellor Helmut Kohl that if he wanted the re-unification of Germany he had to “show that he continued to believe in Europe” and back monetary union (Stirn, p. 184). So much for “German racket.”
Monetary union turns out to have been a French agenda from the time of President Georges Pompidou and was backed by leading Britons from Edward Heath to Roy Jenkins. Moreover, Pompidou had been the manager of the French Rothschilds’ business empire. Heath appointed Victor Rothschild as head of the Cabinet Office think-tank Central Policy Review Staff (CPRS) and engineered Britain’s entry to the Common Market with the assistance of Pompidou. And Jenkins was a founding member of the Rockefellers’ Trilateral Commission, in which he was later joined by Heath.
It follows that blaming the Germans can serve no other purpose than to cover up the truth about the interests behind the European project. Further investigation shows this to be something of a quasi-religious ritual with sections of the British press going back to the early 1900s. Already in 1916-1917, the Mail and the Times along with fellow “Conservative” papers like the Daily Telegraph and the Morning Postdenounced the proposed League of Nations as a “cloak to conceal German designs” (Winkler, pp. 119-20).
The League was, in fact, an Anglo-American design, the Milner Group, the FabianSociety and their American collaborators being the masterminds behind it. Churchill himself described it as the “nucleus of an alliance against Germany” (Salter, p. 102) and the press knew full well what the score was. As early as 1906, Lord Northcliffe(Alfred Harmsworth), the owner of the Mail and the Times, and his friend Field Marshall Lord Roberts, president of the Milner Group-associated Anglo-American Pilgrims Society, had launched a systematic anti-German propaganda campaign by publishing false stories of an imminent “German invasion” of Britain (Ferguson, 2003, p. 292; Clarke, p. 47).
The Mail’s owners have maintained close links to the same interests ever since, indeed, they are related to them: the 3rd Earl of Cromer (Rowland Baring of the Baring banking family) was the husband of Esmé Harmsworth, sister of Lord Rothermere (father of the present Lord Rothermere and Mail proprietor). Cromer was an executive director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC), as well as governor of the Bank of England, governor of the Atlantic Institute for International Affairs (AIIA), member of the Pilgrims Society executive committee and member of the Rockefellers’ Trilateral Commission.
In other words, Cromer was a leading member of the same Anglo-American Establishment that was behind the European project. It was Trilateral Commission member and leading Europeanist Roy Jenkins who, as President of the European Commission in the late 1970s, launched the European Monetary System (EMS) which was the first step towards monetary union (Healey, p. 438).
There is no evidence whatsoever that Germany was the initiator in any of the above projects. In contrast, the central role of Anglo-American, Atlanticist interests is confirmed by the fact that in 1981, Jenkins’ European Commission proposed closer co-operation between EMS central banks and the US Federal Reserve System. Clearly, the whole scheme points not to Bonn or Berlin but to London, Washington and Wall Street.
A direct link between these interests and the Mail is provided by Cromer himself, who was a director of the Daily Mail & General Trust (DMGT) – the company that owns the Mail – as well as a close friend of monetary union advocate and fellow Trilateralist Edward Heath. DMGT is also connected with the Barings through DMGT deputy chairman Vivian Baring; Baring Brothers and its successor, ING Barings, has been adviser to DMGT, etc.
In addition to its close Baring connections, the Harmsworths’ DMGT also interlocks with pro-EU Rothschild-Milner Group institutions like Lazard and Sofina SA: long-time Lazard chairman and Sofina director David Verey is a non-executive director of DMGT.
The Mail’s Lazard connections are of particular interest in light of Lazard’s long-standing pro-European stance. In fact, Jean Monnet, one of the European Union’s chief architects, appears to have been something of a Lazard front. Not only was he provided with a substantial loan by the bank but Lazard Brothers partners Lord Brand and Lord Kindersley (both leading Milner Group members) were old friends of his.
Brand was also a director of The Times which was owned by the Astors to whom he was related and who were key players behind the Pilgrims Society and the European Union movement. The Times and the Economist (whose editor Geoffrey Crowtherwas another old friend of Monnet) were among the British papers that had already promoted European union in the late 1940s.
In May 1950 Monnet called on Brand, Kindersley and Crowther in London to discuss his Schuman Plan before meeting political leaders (Monnet, p. 306). Both the Times and the Economist backed Monnet’s Plan as well as British membership, with the Times calling for Britain’s “closest possible association with the project” (9 Jun. 1950). Anthony Eden, Conservative spokesman on foreign affairs, and Lord Layton (a leading Milnerite) on behalf of the Liberals, all urged the Government to join. But it’s now all supposed to have been a racket imposed on Britain by Germany!
And so, history repeats itself thanks to the British establishment and its instruments of black propaganda, manipulation and mass control. We have seen that far from being “designed by Germany,” the United States of Europe had been the brainchild of Anglo-American interests who, we may add, believed in the State (controlled by themselves) and despised the people at least as much as Hegel did.
The fact is that the Benelux Customs Union between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, which formed the core of the Coal and Steel Community (later Common Market), was created by the London-based governments-in-exile of the respective countries through the 1944 London Customs Convention.
Likewise, Franco-German economic co-operation can be traced back to London. In September 1946, Churchill called for the creation of a “United States of Europe from the Atlantic to the Black Sea,” adding that the first step to European union must be a partnership between France and Germany:
In fact, Churchill’s idea of Franco-German co-operation went back to the early 1930s if not earlier (Biddeleux & Taylor, pp. 37-38).
Moreover, as correctly pointed out by Arthur Salter later that year in the House of Commons, Churchill’s plan for Franco-German co-operation as a basis for a United States of Europe depended on the British Zone of Allied-occupied Germany which contained the centre of German industry (House of Commons Debates, “Debate on the Address,” 14 Nov. 1946, column 321).
In 1951, Foreign Secretary Eden openly admitted in the Commons that:
“… through these years gradually we have drawn Germany – this greater part of Germany [West Germany] – into the Western orbit. We have drawn this part of Germany into the Schuman Plan [that established the European Coal and Steel Community], and into every sort and kind of contact – political, economic, literary, cultural of every sort and kind.” (House of Commons Debates, “Foreign Affairs,” 20 Nov. 1951, column 346).
Germany, of course, was under Allied military occupation until 1955 and in no position to create international entities like the Coal and Steel Community that involved France, Italy and the Benelux countries. In contrast, Britain still had its web of international connections and – as revealed by Harry Hodson of the Ministry of Information (and former editor of the Milner Group’s Round Table) – its ruling elites were busy building a new, secret “Fourth British Empire” that was to be as grand as its predecessors, only less visible to outsiders (Hodson, 160-1).
The Milner Group, the leading element in Britain’s invisible government, saw the British Empire as assuming new shapes while adapting to changing circumstances successively marked by the American Revolution, self-government in the Colonies and the Second World War. The Fourth British Empire came into being with the post-war Anglo-American New World Order.
In line with this new order, German economy was to be “geared to a world system” dominated by Anglo-American interests (Ferguson, 2004, p. 77). Accordingly, West Germany’s constitution was drafted in 1949 by US Military Governor General Lucius D. Clay and contained a clause (Art. 24) providing for the transfer of sovereign powers to international institutions (like the European Coal and Steel Community and the Council of Europe) (RIIA, 1956). On the whole, probably not something Hegel would have endorsed.
The West German government itself was created by the same US military (Ferguson, 2004, p. 76) which had close links to Anglo-American financial interests. For example, General Clay was a close friend of Goldman Sachs boss Sidney Weinberg and, on retiring in 1950, became a leading member of the powerful US Business Advisory Council (BAC), an organisation run by Weinberg and with close links to the Rockefellers’ CFR of which Clay himself later became a director (Smoot, p.70).
Clay’s successor as Governor or Commissioner for Occupied Germany until 1955 was John J. McCloy who was a partner at the Rockefellers’ New York law firm Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy; member of the Rockefeller-dominated 1945 San Francisco Conference which drafted the UN Charter; chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation; chairman of the Rockefeller-controlled Chase Manhattan Bank; chairman of the Rockefeller-controlled CFR (from 1953); and former president of the CFR-controlled World Bank (Ratiu, p. 231).
As to West German leaders, Chancellor Conrad Adenauer had already been a puppet of the Anglo-American occupation forces after World War I and was now hand-picked again by McCloy (Graham Jr., p. 421). Adenauer’s successor Willy Brandt had been co-founder and leader of the International Bureau of Revolutionary Youth Organisations, the youth wing of the International Revolutionary Marxist Centre, a.k.a. London Bureau, controlled by Fenner Brockway of the Fabian Society’s Independent Labour Party. Brandt’s successor Helmut Schmidt was one of the thousands of German prisoners of war (POWs) indoctrinated by Fabians and Milnerites at Wilton Park (a creation of Churchill and Bevin) after the war, etc.
Even worse, at the very time that Germany is supposed to have plotted the European Union, its population was being subjected to systematic starvation, resulting in the death of six million men, women and children (de Zayas, p. 111; Bacque, pp. 119, 204; Dietrich, pp. 107-8, 140-1). Although this was briefly discussed in Parliament at the time (see House of Commons, 14 Nov 1946), there is not one word about it today.
That the above facts, among others, are being denied to the public by politicians and their media collaborators is a shameful blot on the face of British democracy. At any rate, it should be absolutely clear that not only the European Union, but Germany itself – its supposed creator – was a creation of Anglo-American interests.
US influence is evident even from the original stars-and-stripes design of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) flag. The stripes stand for coal (black) and steel (blue) and the stars for the “United States of Europe”: Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, France and West Germany.
 |
| JOEngene 1996 en.wikipedia.org ECSC flag 1958-1972 |
A “German-dominated” Europe?
The Anglo-American Establishment’s propaganda machine has been spreading another piece of disinformation according to which the European Union was not only “created” but is “dominated” by Germany.
Having seen whose creation the European Union was, we must first treat the question of German domination as a separate issue that is unconnected with the creation of the EU. We must next remember the fact that Germany has Europe’s largest population and strongest economy, in the light of which, expecting Germany not to dominate Europe is as absurd as expecting England not to dominate the British Isles or any of their component parts such as Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
The fact is that Germany dominates Europe not by design but by default, thanks to its central position on the Continent, the size of its population (81 compared to UK’s 62 million) and the strength of its economy. As conceded by the notoriously anti-German Daily Mail, the Germans have worked hard to become Europe’s top dogs and “unlike their neighbours they have managed their finances with scrupulous responsibility” (Sandbrook, 2013). This may be inconvenient to some, but fact it remains. So, what is the problem?
The truth of the matter, as openly admitted by Churchill and many others, is that Britain’s financial and political elites have always objected to any country’s domination of Europe other than Britain itself. And this is for the simple reason that it would interfere with Britain’s own secret designs to dominate the world. After all, it was Britain, not Germany, who until not long ago had a world empire (recent studies show there are only 22 countries in the world that the British have not invaded) and who, as shown above, has since been building a new, unofficial one.
One of the most vocal critics of Germany (and of the EU) is Nigel Farage, leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP). In one of his trade-mark speeches in the European Parliament in Strasbourg, Mr Farage berates EU leaders Jose Manuel Barroso (European Commission President), Olli Rehn (Economic Affairs Commissioner), Herman Van Rompuy (European Council President) and Jean-Claude Juncker (chairman of the eurozone group of EU countries), for their lack of leadership which has allegedly allowed German Chancellor Angela Merkel to take charge and we are now “living in a German-dominated Europe, something this European Union was supposed to stop.” (Huffington Post, 2011).
Mr Farage’s candid admission that the European Union was supposed to stop German domination ought to draw the objective listener’s attention to the European Union’s true origin and purpose. If the EU was created to suppress Germany, then the idea that the EU is a German creation becomes preposterous.
But is there any truth in the claim that the EU and its member states, including Britain, are dominated by Merkel? Mr Farage tells us that the very same EU leaders he accuses of “lack of leadership” had the Greek Prime Minister (Papandreou) “removed and replaced by a puppet government” and Italian Prime Minister SilvioBerlusconi replaced with Mario Monti, a former EU commissioner and “fellow architect of this disaster.”
Let’s have a closer look at the “EU puppets” who replaced Papandreou and Berlusconi – Lucas Papademos and Mario Monti. What is striking about them is that they have nothing to do with Angela Merkel. In fact, a little research reveals something the otherwise outspoken Mr Farage is oddly silent about: Papademos and Monti are well-known members of David Rockefeller’s Trilateral Commission.
Moreover, as pointed out by James Delingpole of the Daily Telegraph, Papademos, Monti and European Central Bank president Mario Draghi all have Goldman Sachs, the (Rothschild-Rockefeller-associated) US banking giant, as a common denominator(Delingpole, 2011; cf. Foley, 2011). Goldman Sachs International chairman Peter Sutherland is honorary chairman of the Trilateral’s European section. And the declared aim of the Trilateral is to manage (i.e., control) the world economy and shape government policy …
In addition, it was Papademos (not Germany) who, as head of the Greek Central Bank in the late 1990s devalued the Greek drachma by 14 per cent and engineered Greece’s entry to the eurozone on figures reportedly doctored by Goldman Sachs operatives.
If Papademos & Co are indeed puppets, then they must be the puppets of Rockefeller and his Goldman Sachs associates. And if that is the case, then Europe is notdominated by Germany but by the international financial interests represented by the Trilateral Commission – the same interests that set up the European Union in the first place.
While it may be conceivable, for argument’s sake, for Angela Merkel to “dominate” or “control” individual EU members (or even the EU as a whole) it would be absurd to believe that she controls global giants like Rockefeller and Goldman Sachs. If anything, the reverse is more likely to be the case.
Indeed, we find that Alexander Dibelius, head of Goldman Sachs’s German and Eastern European operations, has been Angela Merkel’s adviser since the 1990s – before she became Chancellor. The extent of Goldman influence or control over Merkel is evident from the fact that Merkel, supposedly the world’s “most powerful woman,” consulted with Goldman CEO Henry Paulson, Jr., before and after visits to US President George W Bush (Cohan, p. 432).
Finally, Merkel is a member of Atlantic-Brücke (Atlantic Bridge), an organisation set up after the war by Rockefeller interests and their German puppets to remote-control West Germany from across the Atlantic. German-born Rockefeller lieutenant Henry Kissinger is a leading member.
What becomes clear is that Germany, along with its government and constitution, was not only created by Goldman Sachs-Rockefeller interests, but continues to be dominated by them to this day.
The same applies to the European Union itself – as evident from the Goldman Sachs operatives (past or present) holding leading positions from Washington and New York to London, Frankfurt and Athens.
· USA – Henry Paulson, CEO, Goldman Sachs (New York): US Treasury Secretary
· UK – Peter Sutherland, partner and chairman, Goldman Sachs International (London); honorary chairman, Trilateral Commission: head of the UN Forum for Migration and Development; chairman, London School of Economics
· UK – Gavyn Davies, chief economist and senior partner, Goldman Sachs International (London): former economic policy adviser to Labour PM James Callaghan and husband of Gordon Brown’s adviser Sue Nye
· UK – Martin Taylor, international adviser, Goldman Sachs International (London); general secretary, Bilderberg Group: chairman, Institute for Public Policy Research Commission on Public Private Partnerships; member, UK Government Independent Commission on Banking
· Germany – Alexander Dibelius, head, Goldman Sachs Germany and Eastern Europe (Frankfurt): adviser to Angela Merkel since the 1990s
· Germany – Otmar Issing, senior international adviser, Goldman Sachs: board member, German Bundesbank, European Central Bank; co-architect of the euro; adviser to Angela Merkel
· France – Antonio Borges, vice-chairman, Goldman Sachs International: head of the International Monetary Fund (Europe)
· Italy – Mario Draghi, managing director, Goldman Sachs International: chairman, Financial Stability Forum; president, European Central Bank
· Italy – Mario Monti, senior international adviser, Goldman Sachs; chairman, Trilateral Commission (Europe): Prime Minister of Italy; member, AttaliCommission of French economic growth; member, European Council’s Europe 2020-2030 reflection group; founder and honorary chairman, Bruegel – the European economic think-tank whose members include EU governments, corporations like Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and UBS and institutions like the Rothschild-associated European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the European Investment Bank (EIB)
· Spain – Guillermo de la Dehesa, vice-chairman, Goldman Sachs International: Secretary of State for Economy; chairman, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)
· Belgium – Karel van Miert, adviser, Goldman Sachs; non-executive director, Anglo American (De Beers’ twin company): Vice-Chairman of the European Commission
· Greece – Lucas Papademos, assistant to Professor Franco Modigliani, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, under whose supervision Mario Draghiobtained his economics degree; member, Trilateral Commission; involved in Goldman attempts to doctor the country’s books: Prime Minister of Greece
· Greece – Petros Christodoulou, stock exchange trader, Goldman Sachs (London): head of Greece’s Debt Management Agency
Tellingly, although the above list shows heavy involvement by Goldman Sachs International (Goldman’s London-based European HQ), it was not the British press but Marc Roche, London correspondent of French Le Monde, who first blew the whistle on the Goldman racket – which he describes as “the European Sachs Government” (Roche, 2011).
In the US, too, “Government Sachs” has long been a familiar phrase and not without reason, as the Huffington Post explains (Baram, 2009). Not so in Britain where the concept of government by financial interests is anathema to the Establishment’s media stooges. It is not difficult to see why.
In any case, as Goldman Sachs and fellow global giants (J P Morgan, Citi, Barclays, HSBC, etc.) are constantly expanding and drawing closer to each other, and their collective power and influence steadily increase, it ought to be obvious that it is they and not any one politician or government who call the tune.
Who runs the European Union?
To understand who the real power-holders in the European Union are, we must leave all establishment rhetoric and propaganda aside and have a closer look at the facts.
We have already seen that a key architect of the European project was Winston Churchill who had founded the European Movement (originally called United Europe Movement) in 1946. The European Movement’s first presidents were Churchill’s son-in-law Duncan Sandys, followed by the Belgian Paul-Henri Spaak.
Like his father Lord Randolph, Churchill was a close friend and collaborator of the Rothschilds and had a bank account with N M Rothschild & Sons (which indicates a special relationship). As the Churchills were long-standing friends of the London Rothschilds, so the Spaaks were long-standing friends of the Belgian Rothschilds.
Co-architect of the European project Jean Monnet, was an old friend of Lord Kindersley – a Lazard partner and director of the Rothschilds’ Sun Alliance – and had close links to the French-Swiss banking group Edmond de Rothschild whose head Edmond was a member of the Bilderberg steering committee (de Villemarest, vol. 2, pp. 31, 79). Monnet was the founder of the Action Committee for the United States of Europe (ACUSE) which, together with Churchill’s European Movement, was at the forefront of the unionist effort.
Monnet became a top-level unofficial adviser and policy maker for the US Marshall Plan that bankrolled the European project (which was negotiated with the help of Monnet’s friend Lord Brand and launched after consultations with Sandys, Spaakand associates) and was appointed first president of the European Coal and Steel Community’s High Authority.
Similarly, Rene Mayer, a cousin of the French Rothschilds and manager of their business empire, was involved in the writing of the Schuman Plan (Monnet, p. 300) which formed the foundation for the European Coal and Steel Community and was based on blueprints Mayer and Monnet had discussed in the early 1940s (Monnet, pp. 293, 300). Moreover, Mayer was a shareholder in Monnet’s J. G. Monnet & Co. (Duchene, p. 339) and succeeded Monnet as president of the ECSC High Authority.
The Belgian Robert de Rothschild, Spaak’s head of private office, was likewise involved in the European Movement and, together with Mayer and others, in the 1957 Treaty of Rome that established the European Economic Community (EEC) a.k.a. Common Market.
In the early 1950s Rothschild lieutenant Rene Mayer advocated a Channel tunnel to link the Continent with the UK, and the Rothschilds were involved in raising finances for the ECSC, as well as in the Common Market Banking Syndicate and other Europeanist projects like the European Composite Unit (EURCO, a forerunner of the euro) and the 1981 European Channel Tunnel Project.
The European drive towards monetary union itself was started by French President Georges Pompidou – another Rothschild lieutenant and former manager of the French Rothschilds’ business empire – through the 1969 European Summit of The Hague and was implemented through the 1992 Maastricht Treaty engineered by François Mitterrand whose special economic adviser was Rothschild associate Jacques Attali, described by the Financial Times as “the philosopher-king of Mitterrand’s court” (7 Jun. 1982).
Attali is also the founder of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) which co-founded the Rothschilds’ TriGranit Development Corporation, one of Europe’s largest property developers.
Needless to say, the Rothschilds were in close touch with the Rockefellers and allied financial interests both directly and through semi-secret organisations like the Bilderberg Group and the Trilateral Commission of which the Rothschilds and their representatives are leading members.
Moreover, key EU figures from EU President Roy Jenkins (former Fabian Society chairman) to EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson (long-time Fabian activist and close friend of the Rothschilds) have been members of the Trilateral Commission as have many others, e.g., Giscard d’Estaing.
It follows that Rothschild, Rockefeller, Goldman Sachs and associated interests represented by organisations like the Trilateral Commission, the Bilderberg Group, the Fabian Society, etc., are the real power-holders in the European Union.
The Trilateral, Bilderberg and similar outfits ensure policy co-ordination between the above money interests and the political classes. In addition, there are other groups that enable bankers and industrialists to actively co-operate with EU politicians in joint projects, in effect making EU policy without the knowledge of the public.
A leading role among these groups has been played by the European Enterprise Group (EEG) and the European Round Table of Industrialists (ERT). The EEG was founded in 1980 by the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), itself a creation of industrial giants like British Petroleum (BP), (Rothschild co-owned) Shell, Fiat and (Rockefeller-controlled) Ford. The CBI’s first director-general was John Davies, vice-chairman and managing director of Shell-Mex and BP (the Shell-BP marketing venture) and a supporter of Britain’s entry to the Common Market. EEG’s express aim was to place individual firms on the policy committees and working groups of the influential Union of Industrial and Employers’ Confederations of Europe (UNICE) (Cowles, M. G., p. 68), thereby becoming directly (and quite undemocratically) involved in EU policy making.
On its part, the European Round Table of Industrialists (ERT) was founded by Etienne Davignon, a long-time disciple of Rothschild associate Paul-Henri Spaak(see above), successor to Robert de Rothschild as Spaak’s head of private office, Vice-President of the EEC Commission and later Single Market, Industry and Trade Commissioner, and early advocate of European foreign policy co-operation (see Davignon Report 1970). Apart from ensuring policy co-ordination between the international money power and EEC politicians, ERT was designed to function as a “nerve centre for European integration policy” (Gillingham, p. 238).
As evidence of its closeness to the EU hierarchy, the ERT moved its secretariat to Brussels in 1988 and, from 1990, prominent ERT members have served within UNICE (van Apeldoorn, pp. 199, 202). The ERT continues to be dominated by the Trilateral Commission and associates. For example, the vice-chairman of the ERT from 2006 to 2009 was Trilateral European chairman Peter Sutherland, chairman (and partner) of Goldman Sachs International.
In turn, Goldman Sachs International interlocks with Paris Orléans (the holding company of the Rothschild banking group) whose chairman Sylvain Hefes is a director of Goldman; and the Rothschilds interlock with the Rockefellers, being major shareholders in the latter’s Rockefeller Financial Services.
In the last few decades, the Rothschilds and associated interests like Goldman Sachs and George Soros have been able to considerably expand their power and influence in Europe (and elsewhere) thanks to their role as providers of capital and advisers to governments, particularly in nationalisation and privatisation programmes. A case in point is Germany, where Goldman opened in 1990 to soon become the country’s largest foreign investment bank as well as top government adviser, not least thanks to its involvement in the privatisation of thousands of formerly state-owned enterprises. Goldman’s relationship with Angela Merkel stems from that time.
Leaving nothing to chance, the above interests have constructed an ever-expanding network of organisations aiming to influence EU policy, in particular, in regard to foreign relations, which has always been one of their key concerns – as evident from their creation of outfits like Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs) and its sister organisation, the US Council on Foreign Relations (Hodson, pp. 161, 166; Quigley, pp. 182 ff.).
New additions to this undemocratic web of conspiracy and deception include the Foundation for International Relations and Foreign Dialogue (FRIDE) – which has Goldman vice-chairman de la Dehesa on its research team – and, in particular, the ominously named European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).
As suggested by its very name, the ECFR is a clone of the Rockefellers’ CFR, while the interests it represents are quickly exposed by even a cursory overview of its membership which includes: Andrew Duff, president of the Union of European Federalists (UEF), Liberal Member of the European Parliament (MEP), leading figure in the drive for merging the presidencies of the European Council and European Commission and CEO of the Rothschild-associated investment bank Piper Jaffray; Rothschild lieutenant George Soros, founder and chairman of the Open Society Foundations (OSF) and CFR member; Soros associates Minna Järvenpää, international advocacy director, OSF and Heather Grabbe, executive director, Open Society Institute (OSI), etc.
While the recent drive to regulate the activities of banking operations has made life harder for some banks, regulation has tended to compel the industry’s top players to expand, in effect encouraging them to stretch their power and influence even further. At the same time, an area where there is little prospect of seeing regulation any time soon is the activities of banking interests via front organisations like the Trilateral Commission, the ERT and the ECFR.
The above factors (among others) combine to ensure that the power and influence – as well as mutual collaboration – of the likes of Rothschild, Rockefeller and Goldman Sachs will continue to grow in the foreseeable future, making rule by financial interests stark reality.
Moreover, with leading Socialists like Lord Mandelson, Tony Blair and Gerhard Schröder acting as advisers to Lazard, J P Morgan and Rothschild, we can see a convergence of Socialist ideology and concentration of finance that can only lead to a Socialist Europe and, eventually, a Socialist World State.
The European Union and the UK
There is absolutely no doubt that the European Union was intended to function as a superstate; that it is behaving more and more like a dictatorship; and that the UK must distance itself from this diabolical entity. However, what must be equally clear is that the EU’s power over this country is often exaggerated by people who either are ignorant of the true power relations in this country (and this applies to most of us) or have their own agenda.
Let us recall what James Goldsmith, a man with ample experience and knowledge of power – and leading anti-EU activist – said. He said that Britain is stifled by “lack of clear law, magic circles, self-perpetuating oligarchies, interest groups and institutions both inside and outside the City” (Dodsworth, 1984).
In that case, the EU, malignant though it may be, cannot be the root cause of all evil. A more accurate analysis would be that Britain is stifled by magic circles, self-perpetuating oligarchies, etc., from within, and by interest groups, etc., from outside Britain, among which the EU, powerful and influential as it is, is only one element – and not even the most important one.
Take immigration and multiculturalism, two issues that are of particular concern to the British public. Opinion polls show that 71 per cent of Britons believe that there are too many immigrants in the country (Ipsos MORI, 4 Aug. 2011).
As we know, mass immigration to Britain was made possible by British law, in particular, the British Nationality Act 1948 passed by Clement Attlee’s FabianSocialist administration and subsequently facilitated by further legislation and immigration policies from Fabian Labour governments, especially during the Blair-Brown regime of 1997-2010 (Whitehead, 2009).
The same applies to multiculturalism, or the deliberate and systematic destruction of British culture by British authorities. As we know, its chief architect was Roy Jenkins – like Attlee, Blair and Brown – a leading member of Britain’s very own FabianSociety.
The fact is that both mass immigration and multiculturalism started in the 1950s and 60s, long before Britain’s entry to the European Union in 1973. These developments were not the handiwork of Europe but of the British establishment whose policy of inverted colonialism saw millions of immigrants from the former Colonies now colonising the UK.
If British governments find it difficult to curb immigration, this is not because of British membership of the EU but because of pressure from interest groups: business associations like CBI looking to hire cheap labour, universities like the LSE depending on foreign students for income, a useless legal system, subversive think-tanks like the Fabian Society and the IPPR and pro-immigration government advisory bodies like the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) and the UK Border Agency (UKBA).
These are the “magic circles and interest groups” stifling Britain from within. The last two (MAC and UKBA) were set up by the last Labour regime and from the elements running them (LSE Professor David Metcalf, Dr Martin Ruhs of the Oxford University Migration Observatory, former Independent editor Diane Coyle, etc.) they appear to have been intended as booby traps for the incoming Conservative government and its immigration policies (for MAC and UKBA’s Fabian origins see The Fabian Society).
A case in point is Jordanian “hate preacher” Abu Qatada, whom British authorities have been unable to deport to his country of origin. Not, as it turns out, due to any EU laws but entirely because of our own legal system. As pointed out by several commentators, the French authorities appear to have no problems whatsoever in deporting unwanted foreign nationals from French soil (Johnston, 2013). And this clearly shows where the root problem lies: it is in the British system itself. Nor must we forget the media, secret services and police forces, all of which conspire to keep the establishment in power and the public under control.
Conclusion: let’s fight the demons at home
While withdrawing from the EU is without doubt desirable, it is imperative not to ignore the plethora of systemic defects that are entirely home-grown and very British. Blaming everything on the EU would be as counter-productive as blaming everything on “the Germans.” It could only serve to deflect attention from the true sources of our predicament and push us further into the quagmire.
Indeed, there are good reasons to believe that criticism of the EU may be used as a smokescreen for other things. For example, only 30 per cent of immigrants coming to Britain are from the EU. Leaving the EU would only stop EU immigrants and even that only if and when our own immigration controls work as intended.
The remaining 70 per cent would not be reduced by a British exit. On the contrary, this percentage might actually increase if, as planned by interest groups like Global Britain – the think-tank behind UKIP – we enter into trade and other agreements with America, South Asia, Africa and other areas of international migration.
Goldman Sachs International chairman Peter Sutherland for one, who doubles as head of the UN Migration Forum, expects millions of immigrants from Africa to look for work in Europe, including Britain (Sutherland, 2012). The development of Africa (a continent rich in natural resources from gold and diamonds to oil and gas) is, of course, a key policy of the Fourth British Empire and its associates – which is precisely why it was inserted into the Schuman Plan by Rothschild relative and lieutenant Rene Mayer (Monnet, p. 300).
This also explains the British establishment’s bizarre obsession with Africa – from Oxfam to Tony Blair’s Africa Governance Initiative – and why the immigration debate tends to focus on the EU while ignoring Africa and other non-EU areas making up the bulk of the problem.
To be sure, the EU is a parasitic body that cruelly enslaves its victims and draws the lifeblood out of them. It would be suicidal for any nation to linger in its embrace – and this applies to Germany as much as it applies to the UK.
But it is important not to forget that the EU is a Socialist organisation, created and controlled by Socialists and their collaborators from inception, and that it has remained dominated by Socialists ever since, from Paul-Henri Spaak to Roy Jenkins and from Javier Solana to Peter Mandelson and Catherine Ashton. Member states like Britain themselves have long been on a course to becoming Socialist dictatorships. Leaving the Socialist EU will not solve the problem as long as Socialism remains the dominant element at home.
This is demonstrated by Norway who, though not an EU member, is as much plagued by mass immigration, multiculturalism and Islamisation as any country in the EU. What Britain and Norway have in common is not membership of the EU but a political system dominated by Socialism (and associated money interests).
The real problem then, is not the EU but the Socialised British establishment itself which holds the nation in a deadly stranglehold. So long as we are not prepared to confront our own home-grown demons very little, if anything, will change. What is alarming is that no political party so far has shown a willingness to take up the struggle and set Britain free.
(This article was last updated on 3 June 2013)
Aldrich, Richard J., “OSS, CIA and European Unity: The American Committee on United Europe, 1948-60,” International History Review, Vol. 18, No. 4, London, Nov. 1995; also in Diplomacy & Statecraft, Vol. 8, No. 1, London, March 1997, pp. 184-227.
Bacque, James, Crimes and Mercies: The Fate of German Civilians Under Allied Occupation 1944-1950, London, 1997.
Baram, Marcus, “Government Sachs: Goldman’s Close Ties to Washington Arouse Envy and Raise Questions,” Huffington Post, 3 Jul. 2009.
Bideleux, Robert & Taylor, Richard, eds., European Integration and Disintegration: East and West, London, 1996.
Clarke, I. F., Voices Prophesying War 1763-1984, London, 1966.
Cohan, William D., Money and Power: How Goldman Sachs came to rule the world, London and New York, 2012.
Cowles, Maria Green, “Large Firms and the Transformation of EU Business Associations: a Historical Perspective,” in Greenwood, Justin, ed., The Effectiveness of EU Business Associations, Basingstoke, Hampshire, 2002, pp. 64-78.
Craig, David & Elliott, Matthew, The Great European Rip-Off, London, 2009.
Delingpole, James, “Goldman Sachs rules the world,” Daily Telegraph, 16 Nov. 2011.
De Villemarest, Pierre, Facts & Chronicles Denied To The Public, vols. 1 & 2, 2003; English trans. Slough, Berkshire, 2004.
De Zayas, Alfred-Maurice, A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-1950, New York, NY, 1946.
Dietrich, John, The Morgenthau Plan: Soviet Influence on American Postwar Policy, New York, NY, 2002.
Dodsworth, Terry, “The Goldsmith Empire: Terry Dodsworth in New York reports on the investment strategy of the British businessman who has just launched a bid for the large Continental Group,” Financial Times, 13 Jun. 1984.
Dorril, Stephen, MI6: Fifty Years of Special Operations, London, 2001.
Duchene, François, Monnet: The First Statesman of Interdependence, New York, 1996.
Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose, “Euro-federalists financed by US spy chiefs,” Daily Telegraph, 23 Jul. 2011.
Ferguson, Niall, Empire: How Britain made the modern world, London, 2003.
Ferguson, Niall, Colossus: The Rise and Fall of the American Empire, London, 2004.
Foley, Stephen, “What price the new democracy? Goldman Sachs conquers Europe,”Independent, 18 Nov. 2011.
Gillingham, John, European Integration 1950-2003: Superstate or New Market Economy?,Cambridge, 2003.
Goldsmith, James, Euro Referendum Party Conference, Brighton, 1996.
Graham, Otis L. Jr., ed., Perspectives on 20th Century America: Readings and Commentary, New York, NY, 1973.
Hall, Allan, “Germany was strong-armed by France into swapping the Deutschmark for the euro,” Daily Mail, 28 Sept. 2010.
Healey, Denis, The Time of My Life, London, 2006.
Hodson, Henry V., Twentieth-Century Empire, London, 1948.
Johnston, Philip, “France shows us how to deal with jihadis,” Daily Telegraph, 29 Apr. 2013.
Moncrieff, Chris, “The EU: ‘A German racket designed to take over the whole of Europe’,” Daily Mail, 21 Nov. 2011.
Monnet, Jean, Memoirs, London, 1978.
“Nigel Farage: Crisis Has Created ‘German Dominated’ Europe,” Huffington Post, 16 Nov. 2011.
Quigley, Carroll, The Anglo-American Establishment: From Rhodes to Cliveden, San Pedro, CA, 1981.
Ratiu, Ioan, The Milner-Fabian Conspiracy: How an international elite is taking over and destroying Europe, America and the World, Richmond, 2012.
Richard, Henry & Burritt, Elihu, Report of the Proceedings of the Second General Peace Congress, held in Paris, on the 22nd, 23rd and 24th of August, 1849, Paris, 1849 books.google.co.uk
Roche, Marc, “Goldman Sachs, le trait d’union entre Mario Draghi, Mario Monti et Lucas Papademos,” Le Monde, 14 Nov. 2011.
Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA), Britain in Western Europe: WEU and the Atlantic Alliance, London and New York, 1956, p. 14.
Salter, Arthur, Personality in Politics, London, 1947.
Sandbrook, Dominic, “Angela Merkel has made Germany master of Europe in a way Hitler and Kaiser Wilhelm only dreamt of. The implications are frightening” Daily Mail, 20 Apr. 2013.
Smoot, Dan, The Invisible Government, Boston, MA, 1962.
Stirn, Olivier, Mes Presidents. 50 ans au service de la Ve Republique (My Presidents: 50 Years in the Service of the 5th Republic), Paris, 2004.
Sutherland, Peter, “A constructive attitude towards migration is a moral issue,” address to the International Eucharistic Congress, Dublin, 15 Jun. 2012.
Van Apeldoorn, Bastiaan, “The European Round Table of Industrialists: Still a Unique Player?” in Greenwood, Justin, ed., The Effectiveness of EU Business Associations, Basingstoke, Hampshire, 2002, pp. 194-205.
Webb, Beatrice, Our Partnership, Drake, B. and Cole, M. eds., London, 1948.
Whitehead, Tom, “Labour wanted mass immigration to make UK more multicultural, says former adviser,” Daily Telegraph, 23 Oct. 2009.
Winkler, Henry R., The League of Nations Movement in Great Britain 1914-1919, Metuchen, NJ, 1952.